Review Chart #2: European Wars

17. Wars for Italian Unification (1859-1870)
a. Austria, France, Prussia, and Italy (Piedmont)
b. Garibaldi, Cavour, and Bismarck
c. Italian nationalism, Prussian foreign interests, and Garibaldi's campaign
d. (none)
e. Unified Italian nation under the leadership of Victor Emmanuel II and a weakened Austria

18. Austro-Prussian War (1866)
a. Austria and Prussia
b. Bismarck and Joseph I
c. German unification and Schleswig/Holstein
d. Treaty of Prague
e. Hapsburgs were excluded from German affairs and Prussia became the most powerful German state

19. Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)
a. France and Prussia
b. Bismarck and Napoleon III
c. Hohenzollern accession to the Spanish throne and the Ems Dispatch
d. Declaration of the German Confederation at the Hall of Mirrors (Versailles)
e. Franco-Prussian rivalry

20. Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)
a. Ottoman Empire and Russia
b. Alexander II and Abd al-Hamid II
c. Pan-Slavic movement and collapse of the Three Emperors' League
d. Treaty of San Stefano
e. Russian tensions when the Congress of Berline denied the terms of the Treaty of San Stefano

This is what I did:

War of Roses
a. Rivalry between Lancaster and York
b. King Henry VI (England) vs. Richard (Third Duke of York)
c. York claimed throne of England in 1460
d. None
e. Lnacaster defeated at Battle of Tewksberry. Henry VI murdered in Tower.

Hapsburg-Valois Wars
a. Hapsburg vs. Valois
b. Charles V vs. Francis I
c. Both wanted to control the continent.
d. Treaty of Cateau Cambresis.
e. Hapsburgs controlled Italy, Burguny, and some of the Netherlands. The Valois maintained the ducy of Burgundy, most of Piedmont and Savoy, and parts of Rhineland.

Russo-Japanese War
a. Russia vs. Japan
b. Nicholas II vs. Sun Yat sen(I don't know how to spell his name)
c. Japan wanted Port Arthur. Japan wanted imperialism territories and Russia did not want to give it up.
d. Treaty of Portsmith
e. Japan got Port Arthur, and Nicholas II was greatly weakened.

The Great War
a. Allied Powers(United Kingdom, France, United States, Serbia, Montenegro, Belgium, Russia, Japan, and Italy) vs. Central Powers (Germany, Austria Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria).
b. Woodrow Wilson, Lenin, Nicholas II, Wilhelm II, Sun Yat-sen, Leopold von Berchtold(and perhaps more)
c. There were a number of alliances that caused the war. Imperialism played a major role in the spark of the war, as well as militarism, nationalism, and some crises(Bosnian and Morocco crisis), as well as the assasination of the archduke Ferdinand.
d. Treaty of Brest Litvosk.
e. Treaty of Versailles, allied powers won, Central Powers lost.

Spanish Civil War
a. Spanish Royalists
b. Francisco Franco
c. Proxy war between Franco's fascists and spanish royalists and terrorists
d. No treaty
e. Franco took over the government and institued a fascist government for Spain.


**I am open for any suggestions, and if anyone detects an error, please tell me, and I will edit it.(My handwriting is sort of hard to read, especially when I write in a hurry)

Well, I figure I might as well add some since I'm stealing everything else:

Schmalkaldic Wars (1546-1555)
a. Charles V, Duke of Albertine Saxony, ruler of Ernestine Saxony
b. Charles V, Maurice of A. Saxony, John Frederick of E. Saxony
c. John Frederick and allies form Schmalkaldic league (Protestants) against Charles V (Catholic) and Maurice (also a Protestant, but had reasons for being against the Schmalkaldics)
d. Charles V defeats the Protestants and makes the Peace of Augsburg
e. Cuis regio, eius religio - Protestantism is spreading (Calvinism not recognized)

French Wars of Religion
a. Guise, Bourbon, and Montmorency-Chatillon families
b. Duke of Guise, Bourbons, Montmorency
c. Duke of Guise (Catholic) instigates St. Bartholemew's Day Massacre, starting the war
d. Peace of Saint-Germain-en Laye
e. Huegenots given more religious freedom

Wars of Philip II
a. Ottoman Empire, Netherlands, England
b. Sulieman the Magnificent, William the Silent, Elizabeth I
c. Prevented Sulieman from controlling the Mediterranean at Lepanto, tried to maintain control over the Spanish Netherlands with Margaret of Parma and others, attacked England with his Armada after hurtful pirate warfare from Elizabeth
d. Defeated the Ottoman Empire, Treaty of Munster with the Netherlands, loses to England
e. Prevents Ottoman control of the Mediterranean, Holland becomes mostly independent from Spain, Spain's power begins to wane after losing the Armada

Thirty Years' War
a. Bohemia, HRE, Denmark, Sweden, Palatinate, a little bit of France
b. Ferdinand of Styria, Frederick V, Elector of the Palatinate; Gustavas Adolphus, Christian IV
c. Defenestration of Prague leads to a struggle between Catholicism and Protestantism in the German states (Ferdinand tried to reinstate Catholicism with the Edict of Restitution), then other countries join in and beat up on Germany (France, to keep Germany weak and separate)
d. Treaty of Westphalia
e. Germany fragmented, Calvinism accepted as an official religion, peace of Augsburg put into effect, Edict of Restitution revoked

English Civil War
a. Roundheads and Cavaliers
b. Cromwell (Parliament / Roundheads), Charles I (monarchy / Cavaliers)
c. During the Long Parliament, Parliamentary leaders submit a list of grievances to the king, he tries to capture them, and they form armies
d. Cromwell wins @ Marston Moor
e. He captures the king and executes him, then establishes military rule

Dutch War
a. Louis XIV vs. United Provinces
b. Louis XIV, William the Silent
c. Louis wants the Spanish Netherlands but knows he will have to go through Holland to get them
d. Treaty of Nijmwegen
e. Small territorial adjustments, but the Netherlands / United Provinces lose nothing

War of the League of Augsburg
a. Louis XIV, League of Augsburg (Germany, Austria)
b. Louis XIV, William III (of Orange), Emperor Leopold
c. Louis takes Strasbourg, prompting the formation of the League of Augsburg, they get into a war and hit a stalemate; they stop
d. Treaty of Ryswick
e. Holland's borders confirmed, Louis stops expansion into Europe

Great Northern War
a. Russia vs. Sweden
b. Charles XII, Peter the Great
c. Peter invades Sweden to get a port on the Baltic and loses at first but ends up defeating the powerful Swedish army
d. Peace of Nystad
e. Sweden loses power; Russia gets a place in European politics and wins some land

War of Spanish Succession
a. England, France
b. John Churchill (Duke of Marlborough), Louis XIV
c. After Charles II dies, Louis XIV wanted to place his grandson, Philip of Anjou, who was related to Charles, on the throne, but other European powers protested
d. Treaty of Utrecht
e. France (Louis) was not allowed to have power over the Spanish throne. England gets some properties and the right to trade with Spain

War of Austrian Succession
a. Austria, Prussia, France, Britain
b. Maria Theresa, Frederick II, Louis XV / Fleury, Walpole
c. After Charles V dies, Prussia invades Austria and takes Silesia. Frances gets in on the action, prompting England to do the same.
d. Aix-la-Chapelle
e. Prussia keeps Silesia, Austria / HRE is still alive, Britain renews slave trade rights with Spain (asiento)

Seven Years' War
a. Prussia, France, G. B., Austria
b. Frederick the Great (II), William Pitt the Elder
c. Prussia invaded Saxony to prevent an anti-Prussia treaty, which ends up being created because of his invasion. The British help Prussia to keep France away from the American colonies, where the British win
d. Treaty of Paris (1763)
e. Britain destroys France in America, Prussia stays alive

Just for the record Abdalaziz, the Axis was Hitler's side. You state that the Axis powers defeated Hitler. The Allies defeated Hitler.

And about the Spanish Civil War, it wasn't a proxy war between Franco's Facists and Spanish Royalists, it was a proxy war between Facist Gremany and Communist Russia. Also, Franco's facists were the royalists. Franco led a counter revolution against people on the far left wing of the political spectrum.

Like I said, I couldn't really read my own handwriting...

Thanks again, you guys!!!! Ya'll are the best!

Thank you guys! You helped me have a good weekend.